Name | Authors | Summary | Attachments | Grant IDs | Institutions |
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MDD - System Model for RCPC Demonstration 1 |
This document describes modeling of a notional integrated power and energy system (IPES), generally based on that described in [1], intended for use in demonstrating concepts related to robust combat power and energy controls (RCPC) and derived from requirements established in [2].
[1] James Langston, Harsha Ravindra, Michael Steurer, Tom Fikse, Christian Schegan, and Joseph Borraccini. Priority-based management of energy resources during power-constrained operation of shipboard |
Demo1_System_MDD_DistroA.pdf |
N00014-16-1-2956
|
||
DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A 1 KV SOLID STATE CIRCUIT BREAKER |
Bradley Shonka, Qichen Yang
|
Recent increases in dc power system usage have created a need for dc capable circuit breakers. One method to achieve this is through the development of solid state circuit breakers (SSCB) that utilize power electronics to break the circuit. The use of power electronics allows for the breaking of a circuit quickly with no need for a natural current zero-crossing point for arc-less interruption of current. This report details the development of a 1 kV 0.2 kA SSCB. The control scheme is discussed as well as its implementation in real-time simulation (RTS). |
C33_43-9257-22_SSCB_Report.pdf |
N0014-08-1-0080
|
|
RCPC FNC - Model Requirements Framework v0.2 |
James Langston, Tyler Boehmer, Md. Multan Biswas, Alex Johnston, Anna Brinck
|
This document describes planned efforts in the development and evaluation of robust combat power and energy controls (RCPC) for shipboard power systems under the RCPC future naval capability (FNC). As insights into control functions and necessary interfaces are typically gained in the process of implementation and testing, the planned efforts are structured around a sequence of demonstrations to progressively improve the control approaches, the metrics and processes for evaluation, and the level of realism in the systems of interest. Here, the term demonstration is intended to more broadly refer to an evaluation of concepts, rather than to a single test or exhibition. Thus, each demonstration is intended to focus on evaluation of a defined set of RCPC control implementations for one or more specific system implementations in terms of a set of defined scenarios and evaluation metrics. By progressively building on previous demonstrations, the intent is to identify and refine useful RCPC functions and viable control approaches, identify and refine suitable controls interfaces, and gain insights into the strengths, weaknesses, and sensitivities of the considered approaches. It is intended that this process will also result in the development of a framework to support model development, verification and validation, and evaluation of system performance. |
C33_43-9162-22_ModelRequirements.pdf |
N00014-16-1-2956
|
|
Power Electronic Power Distribution Systems (PEPDS) - Plan |
Lynn Petersen, ONR, Christian Schegan, NSWCPD, Terry S Ericsen, Ei, Dushan Boroyevich, VT, Rolando Burgos, VT, Narain G Hingorani, Vice President Emeritus, EPRI, Mischa Steurer, FSU, Julie Chalfant, MIT, Herbert Ginn, USC, Christina DiMarino, VT, Gian Carlo Montanari, FSU, Fang Z Peng, FSU, Chryssostomos Chryssostomidis, MIT, Chathan Cooke, MIT, Igor Cvetkovic, VT
|
A five-year program is proposed to develop the Power Electronic Power Distribution System (PEPDS). PEPDS is a new power, energy, and control distribution concept enabled by ONR-developed technology, including high-power-density high-efficiency power electronics, silicon-Carbide (SiC) power semiconductors, and modeling and simulation design and analysis tools. The goal of the PEPDS program is to achieve revolutionary changes to system design and operation by leveraging recent technology advances and developing both the applications to use them and the control and modeling capabilities needed to employ them, culminating in a megawatt-level test bed that will demonstrate the applicability to a Navy shipboard electrical system. |
C331_43-9043-22_PEPDS Fnal (Revision 1 - July 26 2020) with ackn.pdf |
N00014-19-1-2056, N00014-16-1-2956, N00178-19-D-7112
|
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Notional Four-Zone MVDC Shipboard Cooling System Model |
FSU
|
The following document presents a notional four-zone medium voltage DC (MVDC) ship-board cooling system model formulated for piping network design, system-level thermal analysis, and co-simulation purposes. In particular, this model description document (MDD) elaborates on mathematical equations describing the complete notional four-zone ship cooling network along with modeling assumptions and pertinent numerical methods.The modelling approach employed herein incorporates all major thermal-fluid components present in any zone to ensure proper operation of corresponding thermal loads, and it is not bounded by a particular cooling network layout nor the number of thermal loads. The major thermal-fluid components treated herein are gate valves, pumps, pipes, chillers, and heat exchangers. The model is therefore expandable to a larger system as long as the considered assumptions remain valid and a similar fidelity is sought |
C33_MDD_4_Zone_MVDC_Shipboard_Cooling_System_43-7702-21.pdf |
0014-16-1-2956
|
|
Model Description Document: Notional Four Zone MVDC Shipboard Power System Model |
ESRDC Team
|
• The model described herein is intended for Medium Bandwidth (MBW) simulation of system where in the time-step, Δt is bound within limits: (25 µs ≤ Δt ≥ 50 µs) |
FZMVDC_MDD_V3.0_43-7281-20.pdf |
N00014-16-1-2956
|
|
Modular Multi-Level Converter Average Value Model |
Lu Wang, Yanjun Shi, Dionne Soto, Karl Schoder, James Langston, John Hauer, Mischa Steurer
|
These reports detail the development of a simplified average model (AVM) for an MMC at CAPS. The AVM can emulate the steady state and transient behaviors seen in experimental results. The purpose of the model is to achieve less complexity and faster time domain simulation studies of the MMCs at CAPS, while still maintaining sufficient converter dynamic accuracy. The method utilized applies equivalent circuit models of the power stage and the duty-cycle generation circuitry to describe the low frequency behavior of switching model (SWM) systems. |
MMC_AVM_Report_forClearance_43-6370-20.pdf
MMC_AVM_MDD_forClearance_43-6371-20.pdf |
N00014-16-1-2956
|
|
Naval Power Systems Flexibility - Workshop |
Erica Van Steen - preparer, Mischa Steurer - editor, Bob Hebner - editor, Scott Sudhoff - editor, Julie Chalfant - editor
|
The workshop held at Florida State University’s Center for Advanced Power Systems on December 4-5, 2018 convened Navy, industry, and academic partners to generate dialogue and advance commonality in thinking about flexibility for unknown future requirements. The goal to achieve a common, definitional understanding about the concept of flexibility in future navy ship design and operation. This intent was scoped to include bounding the problem with initial lexicon as well as generating design considerations, areas of focus, and possible approaches to flexibility. The result was a structured facilitation approach with a generative workshop design. |
Flexibility_Workshop_Report_Approved_DCN_43-5094-19.pdf | ||
ESRDC Semiannual Report August 2016 - March 2018 |
ESRDC
|
This semi-annual report summarizes the progress on each research project for the period from August 2016 to March 2018. Research results for the most recent six-month reporting period from October 2017 to March 2018 have been highlighted red in this report. |
ESRDC_Semiannual_Report_Aug16_Mar18.pdf |
N00014-16-1-2956
|
Florida State University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mississippi State University
Purdue University
US Naval Academy
University of South Carolina
University of Texas at Austin
Virginia Tech
|
Task 4.2.6: Impedance-Based Control |
C. Edrington, T. El-Mezyani, K. Schoder, J. Leonard
|
Advanced single-input/single-output and multi-input/multi-output modeling techniques, such as the Volterra Series are highly applicable to nonlinear systems modeling and identification. Consequently, a methodology in which parts of the simulation/modeling data can be identified by an available experimental setup will be beneficial to analyze system performance under more realistic scenarios. Our methods are focused on the kernel measurement and simulation of the developed model without assuming a model structure. This effort will develop the Volterra Series technique into a comprehensive toolset that can provide a mathematically and physically rigorous and acceptable method to analyze nonlinear system classes, including high-power converters, with the added benefit of model portability across other platforms and greater transparency with regard to model detail. In addition, the toolset can be utilized with IMUs in order to create nonlinear models by extracting the terminal behavior of devices. |
N00014-14-1-0198
|
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Converter module |
S. D. Sudhoff
|
The ship service converter module regulates the in-zone bus voltage. The topology of the converter module is shown in Figure 1. Voltage regulation is achieved through a combination of the feedback and feed forward control paths that are shown in Figure 2. In addition, a droop setting is used to regulate the sharing between converter modules within each zone. Also implemented is a stabilizing filter that acts to counteract the destabilizing influence of constant power loads [1]. The output of the regulator is a commanded inductor current that is used for hysteresis-based switch-level control.
|
sscm.doc | ||
Testing the Megawatt-Scale Impedance Measurement Unit at Medium Voltage Levels |
Michael Steurer, Karl Schoder, James Langston, Isaak Leonard, John Hauer, Ferenc Bogdan, and Michael Coleman, Dushan Boroyevich, Igor Cvetkovic, Rolando Burgos, Zhiyu Shen, Marko Jaksic, and Christina DiMarino
|
The Office of Naval Research is developing science and technology for advanced electric ships that utilize an integrated power system. This project was motivated by the success and feasibility of impedance measurements and impedance-based controls at the low voltage level. An extension of impedance measurement units (IMU) to the medium voltage (MV), megawatt-class converter levels would provide significant benefits to the U.S. Navy. The primary objective of this project was to evaluate the suitability of such a novel instrument for use of frequency domain characteri-zation of megawatt scale equipment, which will eventually be used for system integration studies. This project was the first test and use of an IMU at these voltage and power levels, following the design and preliminary testing of the MV IMU. The technical objectives included demonstration of the IMU design concept and impedance measurement capabilities within both AC- and DC-systems. |
Testing the Megawatt-Scale Impedance Measurement Unit at Medium Voltage Levels - Final Report.pdf |
N00014-14-1-0198, N00014-13-1-0157
|
Florida State University
Virginia Tech
|
MW-Scale Variable Voltage Source Characterization |
Matthew Bosworth, Mischa Steurer
|
The Florida State University Center for Advanced Power Systems 5 MW/6.25 MVA, 4.16 kV Variable AC and DC Voltage Source Converter (VVS) is a PEBB-based power amplifier which serves as an amplifier for power hardware–in–the–loop (PHIL) simulation experiments. The VVS was tested in both an open circuit configuration and under inductive loading to determine its ability to perform at frequencies greater than 60 Hz. Empirical data from these tests was used in preliminary |
ESRDC-2017_VVSCharacterization_r1.pdf |
N00014-16-1-2956
|
Florida State University
|
Grounding and Common-Mode Characterization |
Matthew Bosworth, Mischa Steurer, Steven Pekarek
|
Future naval MVDC power systems will contain a considerable amount of power electronic devices (PEDs). The switching events from these PEDs will cause added harmonic content to the system a produce undesirable effects, such as common-mode (ground) current through coupling of the power system and the ship’s hull. Even in a fully ungrounded ship system, there will exist inherent parasitic coupling. Research in the area of EMI/EMC characterization and standards provides insight into common-mode and conduction currents within a specified component. Yet currently, there is no universal methodology to understand the impacts of these common-mode drivers in the |
GroundingInterimReport_122016.pdf |
N0014-08-1-0080, N00014-15-1-2250
|
Florida State Univeristy
Purdue University
|
Documentation for a Notional Two Zone Medium Voltage DC Shipboard Power System Model implemented on the RTDS |
Harsha Ravindra, Mark Stanovich, Mischa Steurer
|
The MVDC architecture with 12 kV DC distribution represents a shift from traditional 60 Hz AC shipboard power distribution system and has the potential to provide superior power density, power quality while being affordable. The report here in provides information on ‘the two zone MVDC shipboard power system model’. |
Notional_Two_Zone_MVDC_SPS_Final.pdf |
N00014-14-1-0198
|
Florida State University
|
Task 4.2.2: Control of Distributed Energy Storage |
C. Edrington, T. El-Mezyani, H. Li, J. Langston, O. Faruque, M. Andrus, M. Steurer, S. Paran, T. Vu
|
While extensive research in the area of energy storage has been conducted with the focus on a) the storage media and b) the power system interface of individual storage devices the focus of this task is optimal and rapid utilization of energy storage distributed throughout the ship power system. In order to quantify the availability of distributed energy storage embedded in the ship power systems to the mission loads this task will develop a probabilistic approach to allow objective comparisons between centralized energy storage allocations and mission load centric energy storage to support dynamic mission load profiles. An analysis framework will be developed along with supporting software tools which takes into account the controllability of localized energy storage via the supervisory control approach and interface characteristics. |
FSU_ESRDC_4.2.2_Y1_deliverablesReport.pdf |
N00014-14-1-0198
|
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Task 4.2.1: Fault Management in Fault Current Limited MVDC Systems |
M.Steurer, R. Soman, H. Ginn, R. Xie, K. Sun, X. Liu, Q. Deng, O. Faruque, H .Li, M. Andrus
|
The characteristic of the rotating machines, which normally dominate the system behavior under fault conditions in AC systems, can be completely decoupled from the MVDC distribution system if certain converter topologies such as full bridge modular multi cell (MMC) converters or “active power distribution nodes” are employed. Note, that while SCR-type converters can interrupt fault currents at the next zero crossing of the AC current significant transients remain on the DC side. Moreover, fast interruption may not leave enough time to identify the fault location in meshed systems. However, employing converters which limit the fault current on the DC side to levels around nominal current values open up the opportunity to essentially eliminate the impact of high transient fault currents on the MVDC side. This in turn is expected to have substantial impact on the overall MVDC system design (no DC breakers, substantially reduced bracing against dynamic forces, etc.). Therefore, building upon work conducted previously at USC, this subtask seeks to develop and demonstrate a complete "fault current free" MVDC system. |
FSU_ESRDC_4.2.1_Y1_deliverablesReport.pdf |
N00014-14-1-0198
|
Florida State University
University of South Carolina
|
Task 3.1.5: Physics-Based Modeling Tools for High Temperature Superconducting MVDC Cables |
S. Pamidi, L. Graber, C.H. Kim, J.G. Kim, V. Pothavajhala
|
This effort in this Task synergistically interacts with 5.2.4 and 5.2.5. by using the results of the tasks to refine the models and feed the model optimizations to improve the designs of hardware As the HTS technology components are still under development, prototype testing to validate the designs and capture their attributes to aid in model development and refinement is essential. The task will take advantage of the infrastructure at FSU-CAPS to facilitate the proposed component technology development and prototype testing and validation with the systems view in focus. In |
Tasl 3.1.5_Y1_deliverables.pdf |
N00014-14-1-0198
|
|
Task 3.1.3: S-Parameter Based Framework for Analysis of Common Mode Couplings Between MVDC Power Apparatus |
L. Graber, M. Steurer, M. Mazzola, A. Card
|
S-parameters are needed when one is attempting to characterize/measure the wide-bandwidth behavior of power systems, including switching-induced electromagnetic fields, and the behavior of the system in response to faults. This promising approach has been investigated on a very limited set of components. This task will expand the work into the realm of MW scale equipment by analyzing such devices already existing in ESRDC labs. Power electronics converters of the megawatt class need to be characterized regarding their capacitive, inductive, resistive and radiative coupling to the ground plane. This will be accomplished by S-parameter measurement using a vector network analyzer (VNA). The main converters of interest are the 5-MW variable voltage source inverter at CAPS, the MVDC converters to be installed at CAPS before the end of 2013, various medium scale converters also available at CAPS, and the converters of the 750-V testbed at Purdue University. These converters are ungrounded by design. However, they do have a parasitic impedance to ground that can be measured by VNA measurements while not energized and by fault tests when in operation. Additional impedances to ground can be added for calibration purposes. |
Task 3.1.3_Y1_deliverables.pdf |
Florida State University
Mississippi State University
|
|
Task 2.6: Systems Engineering Based Guidelines and Rules for Designing a 100 MW/20 kV E-Ship Incorporated Into S3D |
R.Soman, M. Andrus, I. Leonard, M. Bosworth, M. Steurer
|
This report describes the on-going effort to define a process for developing a multi-level, rule-based design specification for naval ship electrical systems that can be implemented in the smart ship system design (S3D) enviroment. A generalized process for designing electric warships proposed by Doerry [1] consists of the following steps:
The principal focus of the study performed under this project was to provide the ship architect with information and tools for completing steps 1 and 5 for the design of the baseline MVDC ship electrical system. The section that follows describes the process of defining the “rules-base” for this ship system. This report details the preliminary work for extracting ship design guidelines and rules from well-known resources. Furthermore, the guidelines and rules extracted through this task will be integrated into the S3D environment to enable applying well-established engineering principles to the automation of design evaluation |
Task 2.6_Year One Deliverables.pdf |
N00014-14-1-0198
|
|
Parallelizing the Simulation of Shipboard Power Systems |
Fabian Uriarte, Robert Hebner, Michael Mazzola, Greg Henley, Tomasz Haupt, Angela Card, Sherif Abdelwahed, Jian Shi, Mohammed Alattar
|
An important contributor to U.S. military superiority is the continued superiority in computing and communications. For the last few decades, military superiority in this area has rested in a large part on Moore’s Law, which is a description of the fact that investment in appropriate semiconductor technology led to better performance, which led to new products that organizations and individuals would buy, which led to further investment in the technology. The Department of Defense has learned to exploit this rapid change in technology even though it does not fit well with its budget or procurement cycles. This ability to manage technological But Moore’s Law growth has ended. In a purely technological level, we can still double the density of the components on a processor chip, but it does not lead to sufficient system improvement to warrant the investment. So, the Department of Defense, as well as companies needing a competitive advantage, must find other solutions. The ESRDC was not alone in recognizing this situation. Within the government broadly, this is an issue being addressed by the Office of Science and Technology Policy, who has staff focused on this finding a good solution for the U.S, government. In Defense, DARPA has staff members that recognize the need to help maintain military superiority while transitioning from an environment driven by Moore’s Law. Outside of DOD, this is one of the top technical The ESRDC was early in recognizing the issue because the development of future ships that are efficient, effective, and employ emerging technology requires exhaustive simulation before and after their construction. Today, however, it is not possible to conduct the required simulations of large shipboard models due to the length of time required to complete the solution when using commercial software and desktop computers. This led to the ESRDC exploring three options: Use of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA’s): Use of technologies that are in the mainstream of computer evolution: The ESRDC solution has been developed over time to match the needs of the Navy and the shipbuilding community while also being sensitive to the relevant commercial development. Discussion with ship yard leaders led to a strong endorsement to have a solution as close to Simulink [4-6] as possible. This is an understandable constraint as most engineers today graduate being competent in such program. A different approach would increase training costs To make the capability available to as wide an audience as possible, the initial development will be made available to all users under Navy-sponsored programs. To move the capability from the The next step would be to transfer the capability to NAVSEA and to the shipyards. Those implementations must be even more robust, however, as much of the information they process is classified. That is, moving from research to production, the penalty for failure is higher. |
PARALLELIZING THE SIMULATION OF SHIPBOARD POWER SYSTEMS .pdf |
N0014-08-1-0080
|
University of Texas at Austin
Mississippi State University
|
Co-Simulation and Dynamic Assessment of Thermal Management Strategies Aboard Naval Surface Ships |
The US Navy continues to support applied research on the design, development, and simulation of their future fleet of all-electric ships (AES). Central to the Navy's vision is the use of electricity as the primary energy transport means for the majority of ship systems. For example, ship propulsion has historically been handled by dedicated gas turbines connected directly to reduction gears, which drive a propeller. In the AES concept, prime movers are connected directly to generators, from which electrical power is sent to propulsors (via motor drives), and also to other ship systems. The motivation behind this design approach is threefold. First, a future surface ship must be robust and reconfigurable; with an optimal power distribution grid, ship sectors damaged during combat can be isolated from the rest of the grid, thus minimizing damage and prolonging the ship's operability. Second, with a standard modular power grid, maintenance and cost of repair to ship power systems would be more efficient and cost-effective. Finally, the Navy expects to integrate various high-energy weapons and radar systems in future warships. An optimized power distribution grid would allow the ship to employ large pulses of energy required to implement these advanced systems. However, the introduction of advanced electronics and pulsed-energy systems on a surface ship is not without consequences. From a heat generation point of view, the AES will produce significant thermal side effects that have the potential to produce catastrophic failures at both the system and component level. Thermal management is considered an enabler for the technologies likely to appear on an AES. Currently, the Arleigh Burke DDG-51 class destroyer employs five 200-ton marine chiller units to handle active cooling of ship systems and components. Every shipboard component, from the smallest processor chip to the largest gas turbine, contributes dynamically to this thermal management challenge due to the generation of “waste heat” that must be managed. It has been estimated [1] that, on average, approximately 681 tons of waste heat is rejected from an Arleigh Burke class warship. However, this average value does not capture the magnitude of peak waste heat during transient situations. On a highly dynamic, controls-oriented ship, such as the notional AES, steady-state values provide little utility from a reconfiguration or system failure perspective. When a fully capable AES is deployed, shipboard cooling requirements are predicted to have increased by as much as 700% [1]. However, this steady-state value does not include the integrated effects of dynamic power buildup and adaptive grid response following the introduction of high-energy weapons and sensors. It is the objective of the research reported in this paper to simulate shipboard thermal load management from a dynamic, controls-based, system-level perspective. |
Number 15_Dynamic Assessment of Thermal Management_Prereview.docx |
N0014-08-1-0080
|
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Tools and Dielectric Requirements for the Design of Marine Cabling Systems |
M. Mazzola, A. Card, S. Grzybowski, L. Graber, H. Rodrigo, M. Islam
|
This paper explores various power cable challenges for notional electric ship applications including future technology trends for shipboard power cables. To meet the demands of an “all electric ship,” the cabling requirements of the design are not a trivial issue which can result in significant error in estimating final size, weight, and cost at time of construction along with costly failures and early repairs that impact lifecycle cost. This paper provides information on the development of a design tool known as a “Generic Cable Calculator” to estimate parameters such as impedances, weights, and bending radii for ship power cabling. Analysis of actual experience in designing ship cabling suggests improvements in early design tools needed to capture additional requirements in terms of grounding, shielding, and satisfying current standards for cables used in the variable frequency drive train. Also addressed are results specific to future trends of cable insulation and future standards. |
Tools and Dielectric Requirements_Marine Cabling Systems.pdf |
MSU Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
FSU Center for advanced Power Systems
M&R Global
|
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Determination of Remaining Life of Rotating Machines in Shipboard Power Systems by Modeling of Dielectric Breakdown Mechanisms |
Yaw D. Nyanteh,, Lukas Graber, Sanjeev Srivastava, Chris Edrington, David Cartes, Horatio Rodrigo
|
This paper presents a model to simulate electrical trees in dielectric materials. The model accounts for the characteristic tree patterns and the partial discharges associated with the propagation of trees. This simulation model is used as basis to develop a diagnostic tool to determine the remaining life of insulation materials by relating the fractal dimension of the tree to the supply voltage and material properties. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the prognosis method. |
Determination of Remaining Life of Rotating Machines.pdf |
FSU Center for Advanced Power Systems
Dielectrics Sciences, Inc.
|
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Scattering Parameters for Transient Analysis of Shipboard Power Systems |
Matthias Kofler
|
The research presented in this thesis has been performed at the Center for Advanced Power Systems of Florida State University in 2012. Topic of research is the concept for the future All-electric ship of the United States Navy. Primary focus of this thesis is on a novel approach on modeling and simulation of electrical power system components using scattering parameters for the analysis of different system grounding architectures. In chapter 1 and 2 a short introduction to the All-electric ship concept and the topic of grounding of direct current power system operated at medium voltage level is given, while in chapter 3 the modeling approach based on S-parameters is presented. This approach allows the modeling of power system components such as cables, bus bars, machines, power electronic converters and the ship hull based on generated or measured S-parameters for the development of simulation models. These models can be used to perform simulation studies. The S-parameter approach is a novelty in the field of power simulations. Available simulation software packages for power system modeling such as PSCAD/EMTDC or MATLAB/Simulink usually do not allow the direct integration of linear network blocks characterized by S-parameters. A generic N-port block has been developed which allows to embed models of subsystems based on their S-parameter in power systems software packages in the manner of linear time invariant networks. The model implementation is presented and validation studies have been performed which show very good modeling performance. As a result of the research, investigations can now be performed for studying the experimental power system setup of Purdue University to support the research for All-electric ship. |
AT_MasterThesis_2013_KOFLER_Matthias.pdf | ||
Architectural Model to Enable Power System Tradeoff Studies |
C. Chryssostomidis, Julie Chalfant, David Hanthorn, James Kirtley, Matt Angle
|
We continue the development of an overall architectural model for an all-electric ship using a physics-based simulation environment to perform fully-integrated simulation of electrical, hydrodynamic, thermal, and structural components of the ship operating in a seaway. The goal of this architectural model is to develop an early-stage design tool capable of performing tradeoff studies on concepts such as AC vs. DC distribution, frequency and voltage level, inclusion of reduction gears, energy and power management options, and effect of arrangements and topology. The results of the studies will be presented in standard metrics including cost, weight, volume, efficiency/fuel consumption, reliability and vulnerability. We will specifically look at the hull, mechanical and electrical (HM&E) systems that support the ship and its missions; specifically, the electrical generation and distribution system, propulsion equipment, fresh- and saltwater pumping and distribution, control systems, and structural components. We have previously created a basic design tool which uses hullform, drive train particulars, and operational employment of the vessel to determine resistance, powering and fuel usage. This report details the specification of the notional ship and modeling thereof in Paramarine, the analysis and prioritization of the electrical load on the notional ship, the initial modeling of in-zone power conversion equipment, and the development of pertinent metrics, especially the vulnerability metric. |
Architectural_Model_Jan2010.doc | ||
ESRDC Final Report ONR Grant – N00014-02-1-0623 |
FSU Center for Advanced Power Systems
|
The Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium (ESRDC) objectives have been to develop and apply methodologies for the design and operation of the all-electric ship (AES), taking into account the multiscale, multi-domain, and multi-disciplinary aspects of the problem. This project will provide methods, algorithms and corresponding software tools for design, especially early design. It is a fundamental tenet of complex system design that early decisions have very serious consequences, both in the later stages of design and development, and in the operation of the ship. ESRDC is accelerating the development and demonstration of technologies, modeling, and simulation tools to provide critical design and operational capabilities of AES program. The consortium continues to address the national shortage of electrical power engineers. The work under this program addressed a broad spectrum of issues, related to the development of electric ship systems including methods and models for design and simulation of highly-integrated multidisciplinary ship systems, methods for power routing and control, methods for characterizing and understanding the performance of the electric plant, and methods for controlling the plant. It is impossible to capture the full breadth and depth of the research in this one report, so instead the report content has been developed to provide a detailed insight into some of the achievements in illustrative areas. The reader is then encouraged to review the list of publications at the end of this report to comprehend the full breadth of the achievements and to refer to the appropriate publications where this report provides insufficient information. Broadly speaking, the topics of this team‟s investigations can be classified into the categories of Simulation Tools, Power Systems, and Control Systems. Highlights in each of these areas are mentioned next. |
N00014-02-1-0623_FinalReport_Dec2008.pdf |
ONR: N00014-02-1-0623
|
Florida State University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mississippi State University
University of South Carolina
University of Texas at Austin
Purdue University
United States Naval Academy
|
Transmission Line Model for Describing Power Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors |
P.L. Moss, J.P. Zheng, G. Au, P.J. Cygan, E.J. Plichta
|
A simple equivalent circuit model for EC capacitors can be established based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The circuit consists of an ohmic resistor and a finitelength Warburg Element in series. The EC capacitor’s performance including the transient/pulse response and energy density as a function of power density (Ragone plot) can be stimulated by the equivalent circuit model with three useful parameters including an ohmic resistance, total ionic resistance and total capacitance of the electrodes. |
Paper_EC_Cap_Model_512.pdf |
FAMU/ FSU Electrical and Computer Engineering
FSU Center for Advanced Power Systems
US Army CERDEC
|
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Synchronous machine/ Excitation system |
S. D. Sudhoff
|
The synchronous machine and excitation system is illustrated in Figure 1. In this system, the voltage regulator has two parts; a control algorithm to determine the field current of the brushless exciter, and a power converter which achieves this command. The brushless exciter machine rotor voltage is rectified – which in turn supplies the field current to the synchronous machine. |
sm_exciter.doc |
Purdue University
|
|
Power Supply |
S. D. Sudhoff
|
The PS consists of a transformer, a 3-phase controlled rectifier, and a low pass filter to reduce the noise on the output depicted in Fig. 1. In the case of a 3-phase controlled rectifier, the thyristors conduct whenever they are forward biased and the gating signal, delayed by firing angle , is present. The purpose of delaying the gating signal is to regulate the dc voltage level. |
Power Supply.doc |
Purdue University
|
|
Inverter module |
S. D. Sudhoff
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The inverter module is a DC/AC converter that provides clean 3-phase AC power to a variety of loads. . Figure 1 depicts the power converter topology used to implement the inverter module. As shown, this component consists of an input capacitor, a 3-phase fully controlled bridge converter, an output LC filter, and the control algorithms. The LC filter, illustrated in Figure 2, is used to filter the switching frequency component harmonics from the output in order to provide clean ac power to its loads.
The overall control of the inverter module contains a voltage control loop and a synchronous current regulator (SCR). A diagram of the voltage control loop is shown in Figure 3. The voltage control loop drives the error in the output voltage to zero by generating a current command through the use of a PI regulator with decoupling and feed-forward control. The voltage control loop takes as inputs the desired output voltage and the desired output frequency. A synchronous current regulator shown in Figure 4, uses the current command from the voltage control loop and actively regulates the fundamental component of the current so the command is exactly achieved. A hysteretic/delta modulator regulates the current in the output filter inductors to the SCR commanded value. It generates the switching commands for the power semiconductors. |
Inverter module.doc |
Purdue University
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Constant Power Load |
S. D. Sudhoff
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The power load (CPL) consists of a buck converter and a switching control that is designed to dissipate a constant power for a given input voltage range. Figure 1 shows the constant power load configuration. The commanded inductor current is obtained from the ratio of the commanded power to the output voltage.
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cpl.doc | ||
Fresh Water Loop |
Y. Lee, E. L. Zivi, A. M. Cramer
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The freshwater cooling loop circulates freshwater between the “cold plate” component heat exchanger and the fluid heat exchanger. The component heat exchanger removes waste heat from heat producing devices and the freshwater to seawater exchanger dumps the waste heat from the freshwater loop to seawater which is then discharged overboard.
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FreshwaterLoop.doc | ||
Component Heat Exchanger |
Y. Lee, E. L. Zivi, A. M. Cramer
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Power component heat dissipation is removed through conduction from the power components to a “cold plate” heat sink. This cold plate is then cooled via convective heat transfer to a cooling fluid as illustrated in the figure 1. Typically the cooling fluid is saltwater (seawater), freshwater, or chilled water. |
ComponentHeatExchanger.doc |
United States Naval Academy
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Fluid Heat Exchanger |
Y. Lee, E. L. Zivi, A. M. Cramer
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The freshwater to seawater heat exchanger cools the freshwater cooling loop fluid using seawater which is then discharged overboard. Heat transfer from the freshwater to the seawater occurs through the freshwater tube wall as depicted in figure 1. Neglecting the spatial component of the transient fluid thermodynamics along the interior of the heat exchanger produces lumped parameter fluid models. |
FluidHeatExchanger.doc | ||
Propulsion Drive |
S. D. Sudhoff
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The propulsion drive model consists of an uncontrolled rectifier model connected to an induction motor with a control algorithm. The system structure is very similar to that of the induction motor and the employed control algorithm is also very close to that used in the motor controller.
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propdrive.doc |
Purdue University
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Motor Controller |
S. D. Sudhoff
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The motor controller, shown in Figure 1 is used to represent the system-level effects of machine/drive units. The controls of the inverter have been developed to provide a means to control the speed or torque of a standard 3-phase induction machine. |
Motor Controller.doc |
Purdue University
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6 Pulse Back to Back Converter VTB Model |
R. Crosbie, D. Bednar, J. Zenor, D. Word, N. Hingorani (consultant)
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6_PulseBackToBack.pdf |
California State University, Chico
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Convection Heat Transfer Model: Documentation, User Guide, and Model Validation |
B. Carroll
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Heat transfer by convection is a complicated process involving transfer of thermal energy through momentum and thermal gradients. The convection model developed for the VTB makes simplifying assumptions to minimize the solver computation time and to reduce number of independent equations that must be solved at each time step. These assumptions are:
The model uses two thermal nature ports and is represented schematically by a cooling fin. The port located at the icon’s center is the input node (port 0) and the output node (port 1) located near the bottom is connected to either a temperature source/sink or it can be linked to another thermal port on a separate model. It is not necessary to adhere to this input/output guideline as long as the user understands that all state data follows this convention. For instance, Temperature0 is the temperature of port 0. The driving force behind developing the convection model was to remove the user burden of specifying the convective coefficient, historically a difficult and computationally intensive task. This procedure is aided through the use of empirical and experimental correlations that have been documented extensively in the literature. Although such correlations have, at best, 10-20% accuracy, they provide basic understanding of how a system may respond given user identifiable parameters such as geometric attributes, free stream velocities, and surface orientation relative to the flow field. Such attributes are conveyed to the user through a custom dialog window. Convection parameters can be accessed and changed before and during run time, providing a parametric approach to system behavior. The complete list of correlations and the steps required to determine the correct correlations are presented in the Appendix. Use of convective correlations requires intrinsic thermo-physical property data, such as density, specific heat, kinematic viscosity, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, etc. Property values are computed at each time step using curve-fitted equations derived from published tables. If the user chooses to use a specified heat transfer coefficient, thermo-physical properties are no longer required and this solve block is not called by the solver. |
University of Texas at Austin
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“Advanced Programmable Load” VTB Model |
E. Vilar
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AdvProgLoad_030816.pdf |
University of South Carolina
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Ideal Current Controlled Voltage Source VTB Model |
V. Lyashev
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The model represents an ideal CCVS with gain factor. |
CCVS_030808.pdf |
Taganrog State University of Radio Engineering
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Ideal Current Controlled Current Source VTB Model |
V. Lyashev
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The model represents an ideal CCCS with gain factor. |
CCCS_030530.pdf |
Taganrog State University of Radio Engineering
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VTB Model Documentation |
M. Maksimov, V. Bandura
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The model represents the client part of a symmetrical linking model. A symmetrical The communications between a server and a client part may be realized using RPC This version of model is intended for simulation of linear circuits that were |
CConcurrentSim_030326.pdf (1) |
Taganrog State University of Radio Engineering
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DcMotor_021708 |
V. Chervyakov
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This model represents a Nonlinear model of a permanent magnet DC motor with a |
DcMotor_021708.pdf | ||
“ElabMat11” VTB Model |
A. Monti
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VTB-Matlab interface uses and requires a registered copy of Matlab to be loaded onto the host computer. |
elabmat.pdf |
University of South Carolina
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DiodeLevel-2 |
X. Wang
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This is a level-2 physics-based diode model. It includes the transient characteristics of |
DiodeLevel2.pdf | ||
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) |
S. Lentijo
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A Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is constructed by fitting the The main advantage of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) is the The stator has usually cylindrical shape with slots on the inner surface where the The rotor of a permanently magnetized synchronous machine can have the This type of motors uses a permanent magnet to generate the magnetic field in |
DCPermanentMagnetMotor.pdf | ||
ACSL_Signal_Entity VTB Model |
W. McKay
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This model wraps a model made by ACSL. The model allows for various numbers of inputs and outputs to |
ACSL_Signal_Entity.pdf |
University of South Carolina
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DC Motor |
L. Gao
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This model represents a permanent magnet DC motor with a rack-and-pinion mechanical |
DcMotor.pdf | ||
“BJT” VTB Model |
L. Lu
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This model represents Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT). |
BJT.pdf | ||
“Boost Converter” VTB Model |
L. Lu
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Indicated below in the figure is the switch topology, based on which BoostConverter |
ConverterBoost.pdf | ||
ACSL_Entity VTB Model |
W. McKay
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This model wraps a model created in ACSL. The ACSL_Entity model allows for a natural coupling |
ACSL_Entity.pdf |
University of South Carolina
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Multi-Phase Transmission Line VTB Model |
G. Cokkinides
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This model represents a multiphase lossy transmission line. The user selectable parameters include the conductor |
Cable.pdf |
University of South Carolina
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Breaker VTB Model |
G. Cokkinides
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The breaker is modeled as a device with three possible states: ● Closed ● Arcing ● Open The breaker is always initialized in the closed state. In this state, it behaves as an ideal resistor of a user specified value. |
3PhBreaker.pdf |
University of South Carolina
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Draft ESRDC Initial Notional Ship Data |
The Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium (ESRDC) has created a notional ship for use as a test case in developing research to advance the state of the art in electric ship concepts. The notional ship is a nominal 100MW, 10,000 ton displacement surface combatant, using data compiled from open source documentation. This document provides data relative to the ship, for use by ESRDC researchers. A model of the ship was created in the Smart Ship Systems Design (S3D) design environment, to include electrical, piping and mechanical schematics along with three-dimensional placement of equipment on a ship hull in a naval architecture view. Please note that this ship was designed by ESRDC researchers and is not intended to meet or represent any current or future Navy designed vessel. It is merely a somewhat realistic representative example for testing electrical and thermal system concepts. The systems delineated in this document are a single, baseline reference ship. It is intended that alternative designs can be tested against this design; these alternatives may make adjustments such as replacing single pieces or classes of equipment, rearranging equipment using different topology and connectivity, or replacing entire support systems with systems using a different paradigm entirely. Document Use and Modification This document will be updated as additional information becomes available, and the revision history will be tabulated above. Please make changes in the Word version of this document using track changes. When sufficient recommendations for change are made, they will be incorporated and a new revision will be released. This document will be stored on the ESRDC website in .pdf format, along with a Word format and an Excel spreadsheet containing the data. |
DRAFT ESRDC Notional Ship Data 2017-05-05.docx
DRAFT Notional Ship Data 2017-05-05.xlsx |
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History of ESRDC Research |
This content will be a rolling release of documentation to provide a continuously improving set of snapshots of the technical history of the ESRDC. As new documents become available, they will be appended to this post. Check back regularly to see if new content has been added.
2006 - Dynamic Reconfiguration of Ship Power Systems 2009 - Simulation Environment for Dynamic Thermal Modeling 2012 - Thermal-Electrical Co-simulation 2014 - Development of Capability to Model Ship Power Systems 2014 - Effective Ship Power System Simulation 2016 - Framework for Analysis of Distributed Energy Storage 2017 - Electric Shipboard Design for High Reliability Metrics 2017 - MVDC Fault Management 2017 - Common-Mode and Grounding 2017 - Testing a MW-scale Impedance Measurement Unit at Medium Voltage Levels 2017 - Metamodeling of Power System Components 2017 - Control of Power-System-Induced Ship Hull Currents in 20 kV DC Architectures 2018 - Impedance Measurements Techniques in PHIL Environment Ongoing - Controls Evaluation and Partitioning Framework Ongoing - Notional System Modeling |
Dynamic Reconfiguration of Ship Power Systems - 2006.docx
Simulation Environment for Dynamic Thermal Modeling - 2009.docx Thermal-Electrical Co-simulation - 2012.docx Development of Capability to Model Ship Power Systems - 2014.docx Effective Ship Power System Simulation - 2014.docx Framework for Analysis of Distributed Energy Storage - 2016.pdf Electric Ship-board Design for High Reliability Metrics - 2017.docx MVDC Fault Management - 2017.pdf Common Mode and Grounding - 2017.pdf Testing a Megawatt-Scale Impedance Measurement Unit at Medium Voltage Levels - 2017.pdf Metamodeling of Electric Machinery- 2017.docx Control of Power-System-Induced Ship Hull Currents in 20 kV DC Architectures - 2017.docx Impedance Measurement Techniques in PHIL Environment - 2018.pdf Controls Evaluation and Partitioning Framework - Ongoing.pdf Notional System Modeling - Ongoing.pdf |
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Using S3D to Analyze Ship System Alternatives for a 100 MW 10,000 ton Surface Combatant |
The Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium (ESRDC) was tasked by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) with using the Smart Ship Systems Design (S3D) software to develop and compare several ship system designs demonstrating key elements of a 100 MW Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) electric power distribution architecture suitable for integration into a future 10,000 ton surface combatant. The goals of this exercise were twofold: first, perform a study of several ship system variants and quantify the differences between the variants; and second, provide user evaluation of the S3D design environment, user-driven refinement of the environment, and improved understanding of the design processes it enables. The team developed a notional “Baseline Design” with an array of mission loads for a 10,000 ton surface combatant using 10kV dc distribution and conventional silicon-based solid state power conversion. Then, several design variants were developed to explore the impact of alternative topologies and advanced materials. These included:
Designs were compared for changes in weight, volume, number of components, and range. Additionally, a notional time-based mission consisting of three mission segments was developed to compare the performance of each design variant against an operational vignette; selected results are presented in the report. In addition to developing notional designs for the 10,000 ton surface combatant, the ship design project provided important feedback to the S3D software development team. The project led to several enhancements of the design tool including new equipment library components, e.g., bus nodes and IPNCs, as well as new functionality, e.g. the mission alignment comparison tool. Recommendations for future enhancements to S3D as a result of this exercise include semi-automated design assistance; review of the role of margins, allowances, uncertainty and risk, treatment of aggregated loads and assemblies; verification and validation of models and an expanded model library; expansion of the catalog of scalable models; inclusion of high-level controls for mission analysis; and improvements to the individual discipline-specific design tools. |
ESRDC 10kton 100MW Ship Design Study Final Report.pdf | |||
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Simulations of MW Scale Power - Investigation of HIL Interface Algorithms with an Inductive Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter |
J. Langston, J. Hauer, F. Fleming, M. Sloderbeck, M. Steurer
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Existence of adequate power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) interface algorithms is important to ensure accuracy and stability of PHIL experiments. Developing and testing of such algorithms is even more important at higher power levels since a) inherent latencies in high power PHIL amplifiers are significantly higher than latencies in low power amplifiers and b) risks and cost of damages to devices under test or amplifier due to instabilities caused by inadequate PHIL are higher at higher power levels. This particular effort focused on assessment of accuracy and stability of HIL interface algorithms applied PHIL testing of an inductive type superconducting fault current limiter (FCL) using the 5 MW PHIL test bed at CAPS. A number of interface algorithms have been identified in the literature, such as those described in [1], for example. As preliminary simulations indicated stability issues using the Ideal Transformer Method (ITM), variants of the Damping Impedance Method (DIM) algorithm were explored for application. Thus, this work focused on PHIL testing of the FCL with multiple surrounding systems, operating conditions, and using several different variations of the DIM interface algorithm. As the modified DIM approach seemed to show improvement in performance over the classical DIM approach, it is believed that this may hold the potential for improved accuracy in many cases. However, it was also noted that stability may be an issue with this approach. Filtering of the feedback impedance was used to attempt to develop a compromise between stability and performance. In general, future work should explore ways to better optimize the tradeoff between stability and performance for a given application. This work on interface algorithms for PHIL is an addition to the submitted ESRDC report in [2]. |
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Upgrading HIL and PHIL Facilities at CAPS |
M. Sloderbeck, K. Schoder, J. Kvitkovic
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The software infrastructure for operation and control of the 5 MW variable voltage source at CAPS had to be upgraded to ensure continued support and improved controls development and implementation environment. The upgrade included the corresponding CHIL setup, and furthermore, actually used the CHIL in the upgrade process to reduce the risks involved. The upgrade process was successfully completed and the PHIL facility has already been used for experiments including power conversion module testing and superconducting fault current limiters. While the upgrade process described here is specific to CAPS’ facility, the advantage of using CHIL in testing the newly implemented tools is of value to any institution or company faced with the same need. Concurrent with this upgrade, a new study of the applicable power electronics models was initiated and reported here. A CHIL interface for an MVDC simulation was also initiated. |
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Preliminary FMEA for the MVDC Shipboard Power System Distribution Architecture |
D. Cartes, R. Soman, T. Vu
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This short report provides an overview of the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) studies undertaken to date for the MVDC shipboard power system (SPS) architecture. It is intended to highlight the approach, benefits and initial outcomes with respect to research approaches. The important benefits of the preliminary functional-FMEA (F-FMEA) to date are as follows:
The emphasis is laid on a F-FMEA which serves as the most appropriate method to start analysing failure cause and effects in a novel system such as the zonal shipboard power distribution architecture studied. The F-FMEA will be shown in a tabular format in the report. To summarise, the contents of this preliminary report are:
This report explains the F-FMEA process applied to a notional MVDC ship system model already available on the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) at CAPS. The relevant outputs are highlighted along with future directions for this particular research. Observing the merits of beginning at a more superficial F-FMEA are evident, mainly in the fact that the current research is centered around modeled representative systems with more generic than specific hardware information. F-FMEA is a logical start to understanding system and subsystem level risks and studying ways to mitigate their effects with accurate diagnostics. Even though an F-FMEA is relatively less exhaustive than an H-FMEA, its outcomes form the driving force behind further research and eventually aid H-FMEA by narrowing down critical sections and devices. This in turn aids focusing and informing further research. While applying FMEA to a relatively detailed point design such as the notional MVDC ship system model represented on the RTDS explored and demonstrated the approach it will be of particular importance to incorporate FMEA into the ESRDC’s early stage design environment S3D as soon as possible. |
Number 14_FMEA MVDC SHIPBOARD POWER SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION ARCH_24march2014_Prereview.docx | ||
Notional System Models |
M. Andrus, M. Bosworth, J. Crider, H. Ouroua, E. Santi, S. Sudhoff
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The objective of this report is to set forth a group of time-domain models for the earlydesign stage study of shipboard power systems. These models are highly simplified abstractions of shipboard power system components. The motivation for the simplification is two-fold. First, at an early design stage it is doubtful if the parameters needed for a more detailed system representation would be available. A highly detailed simulation would be based on many The types of model simplifications used are three-fold. First, throughout this report average-value models are used. In particular, the switching of the power semiconductors is only represented on an average-value basis. Secondly, reduced-order models are typically used. Thus, high-frequency dynamics have been neglected. Simulation based on these models cannot be used to predict behaviors such as the initial response to a fault. In general, temporal predictions of features on a time scale of ~100 ms or less will not be reliable. The third simplification that has been made is that many components are represented in the abstract based on the operation goals of the component rather than on the details of what might physically be present. The set of models provided herein is fairly extensive and adequate to serve as a basis for studying a variety of power system architectures. In particular, the set of models is currently being used to study a notional medium voltage ac shipboard power system, a notional highfrequency ac shipboard power system, and a notional dc shipboard power system. In order to support these studies, the models set forth include: turbines, turbine governors, wound-rotor For the purposes of brevity and because of the resources available, model validation results are not presented herein. However, comments on model maturity have been included with each component to provide the reader with a sense of the degree of model confidence for each component. Finally, the reader should be aware that a follow-on report will be delivered in the January 2014 time frame. This report will include an update of the models presented herein, but also include examples of their application in the simulation of notional medium voltage ac, highfrequency ac, and dc shipboard power distribution systems. |
notional system models.pdf | ||
Notional System Report |
M. Andrus, M. Bosworth, J. Crider, H. Ouroua, E. Santi, S. Sudhoff
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The objective of this report is to set forth a group of time-domain models for the early-stage design study of shipboard power systems, and to demonstrate their use on various system architectures. The effort stemmed out of an earlier effort in which waveform-level models of three notional architectures – a Medium Voltage AC System, a High-Frequency AC System, and a Medium Voltage DC System were partially developed. Unfortunately, these codes were extremely computationally intense, limiting their usefulness for early design studies in which large numbers of runs, and a degree of user interactiveness, is required. This effort again considered three systems - a Medium Voltage AC System, a High-Frequency AC System, and a Medium Voltage DC System. However, this effort was focused on simplified models to serve the needs of interactive early stage design. Within this context, this work focused on two distinct aspects. The first aspect was the development of a set of component models in mathematical form. Such a description is advantageous in that it is language independent. The second aspect of this effort was the use of the component models to study the three aforementioned systems. With regard to the first aspect of this work, that is the component modeling, fundamental component models (in mathematical form) were defined in sufficient detail to represent a notional system using the three aforementioned architectures. The component models are highly simplified abstractions of shipboard power system components. The motivation for the simplification is two-fold. First, at an early design stage it is doubtful if the parameters needed for a more detailed system representation would be available. A highly detailed simulation would be based on many assumptions leading to results which are no more indicative of actual performance than a highly simplified simulation. The second reason for the creation of highly simplified model is for the sake of computational speed, so that system simulations based on the component models will run at speeds compatible with the needs of exploring the system behavior under a large variety of conditions. The types of model simplifications used are three-fold. First, throughout this report average-value models are used. In particular, the switching of the power semiconductors is only represented on an average-value basis. Secondly, reduced-order models are typically used. Thus, high-frequency dynamics have been neglected. Simulation based on these models cannot be used to predict behaviors such as the initial response to a fault. In general, temporal predictions of features on a time scale of ~100 ms or less will not be reliable. The third simplification that has been made is that many components are represented in the abstract based on the operation goals of the component rather than on the details of what might physically be present. The set of models provided herein is fairly extensive and adequate to serve as a basis for studying a variety of power system architectures. The models set forth include: turbines, turbine governors, wound-rotor synchronous machine based ac generators, generator paralleling controls, rectified wound-rotor synchronous machine based dc generation systems, ac input permanent magnet synchronous machine based propulsion drives, dc input permanent magnet synchronous machine based propulsion drives, hydrodynamic models, ac and dc pulsed load models, isolated dc/dc conversion models, dc loads, non-isolated dc/ac inverter modules, ac loads, active zonal rectifiers, circuit breakers and controls, as well as a variety of supporting components. For the purposes of brevity and because of the resources available, model validation results are not presented herein. However, comments on model maturity have been included with each component to provide the reader with a sense of the degree of model confidence for each component. The component models developed under this effort were set forth in a previous report, “Notional System Report,” but are included again herein in Appendix A. The remainder of this effort focused on applying the component models in Appendix A to MVAC, HFAC, and MVDC instantiations of a notional architecture. Unfortunately, this aspect of the effort was only partially successful. It is demonstrated herein that the models developed are computationally effective; however, in the case of all three systems either only partial system models are used or there are remaining simulation issues to be resolved. The primary reason for this failure to completely model the systems was related to the choice of simulation engine. In particular, Simscape was used. This proved to be rather trying on the part of the simulationists involved in this effort. The reason that Simscape was chosen were the results of a study of a small notional system also considered by the group, and set forth in [1]. Therein, it was shown that Simscape yielded superior performance over a number of simulation implementations. Unfortunately, as the system scope grew, this language proved problematic. In retrospect, it is recommended that Simulink be used instead, preferably with a user defined solver of the network interconnection equations, also as described in [1]. Such an approach should be much more robust, and more open to modification if needed. |
Notional System Report Two - Rev18.docx | ||
Power Electronic Power Distribution System Architectures |
Carmen E. Araujo, David C. Gross, Michael "Mischa" Steurer, Naqash Ali
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This report discusses the process, product, and purpose of the PEPDS System Model Version 2.0 which captures diverse stakeholder needs, analyzes black box and white box functions, defines black box and white box context and interfaces, and identifies measures of effectiveness and performance. The foregoing elements distill into a set of system requirements that result in the PEPDS functional architecture. This report is intended to accompany the PEPDS System Model Version 2.0 with the purpose of assisting the reader with navigating and understanding the model. |
C33_0543-1949-24_Technical_Report_of_PEPDS_System_Model_Version_2.0.pdf |
N00014-21-1-2124
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